Periodontitis is a serious gum infection or inflammation that involves the destruction of soft tissue and bone supporting the teeth. Periodontitis can cause shakiness tooth as well as tooth loss. Periodontitis is a condition that often occurs, but most cases may be prevented. Periodontitis is usually the result of poor oral hygiene. Daily tooth brushing, flossing with dental floss, and regular dental checks can greatly reduce the progression that leads to the occurrence of periodontitis.
Cause
It can be estimated that periodontitis begins with the presence of plaque on teeth. Plaque is a sticky film composed mainly of bacteria. Dental plaque which can be the food scraps that may contain starches and sugars in food interact with bacteria which will exist in the mouth. Brushing your teeth removes plaque. But plaque can return in a short time, usually within 24 hours.
Plaque on your teeth longer than two or three days can harden under the gum line into tartar (calculus). Unlike plaque, calculus is harder to clean by brushing. Calculus may also be a reservoir for bacteria. Removal of calculus may be done by scaling that can be done by a dentist. Scaling is definitely an action for removal of tartar (calculus).
Plaque and tartar about the teeth attached to long will cause more severe damage. Initially, plaque and calculus can only irritate the gums (gingiva). It is usually generally known as gingivitis. Gingivitis could be the mildest form of periodontal disease. But the continued inflammation eventually led to the formation of pockets between the gums and teeth that contain plaque, calculus, and bacteria. Over time the inflammation persists and growing up down the gum tissue. So that the infection can cause damage and damaged tissue and bone supporting the teeth. If too much bone supporting the teeth are destroyed, the teeth can be wobbly and then have the ability to date.
Symptom
Signs and symptoms of periodontitis can include:
1. Swollen gums
2. Reddish gums, bright red, or purple gums
3. Gums painful for the touch
4. Gingival recession, or gums down, thus making the teeth look longer than normal
5. Formed pockets or spaces that develop between the teeth and gums
6. Pus coming out of the area between the teeth and gums
7. Bad breath
8. Wobbly tooth
You will find different types, or classifications of periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis is the most common type occurs. Chronic periodontitis quite often affects adults, although children may also occur. Aggressive Periodontitis usually begins in childhood or early adulthood and affects only one to 2 percent of the population.
When required to the dentist
Signs of healthy gums, among other things pink and pale firm, rubbery consistency, with stipling form. That the gums seem puffy, dusky red and bleed easily, or show other signs or symptoms of periodontitis, ask your dentist immediately. The faster the treatment, the better the prospect to restore the damage that happens because of periodontitis, and can prevent the event of more severe illness.
Treatment
There are several ways to take care of periodontitis, depending on the severity. The goal of periodontitis treatment is always to completely clear the bacteria and to avoid further damage. Treatment can be performed by a dentist or dental specialist periodonsia. Treatment will be successful and see if the patient is improving the pattern of maintaining oral health every day.
a. Non-surgical treatments
Non-surgical treatments that can be done to boost the condition of periodontitis, among others:
1. Scaling
Scaling is an action to remove calculus and bacteria from the surface of the teeth and under gums. This may be done by a dentist using instruments or ultrasonic devices.
2. Root planing
Root planing smooths the foundation surface can be an action, and discouraging further buildup of calculus.
3. Antibiotics
Dentist or specialist dentist periodonsia may prescribe topical or oral antibiotics to assist control bacterial infection. Topical antibiotics generally become the well-liked treatment. They can include antibiotic mouth rinses or insertion of threads and antibiotic-containing gel in the bag in between the teeth and gums. However, oral antibiotics might be needed to completely eliminate the bacteria that cause infections.
b. Surgical Care
If the patient has periodontitis may well not respond or doesn't improve with non surgical treatments and good oral hygiene. In this instance, the treatment of periodontitis may require dental surgery, for example:
1. With flap surgery (gum pocket reduction surgery)
On this procedure, your dentist or dental specialist periodonsia will make a tiny incision within the gum so that the gum tissue could be lifted back, exposing the roots to scale more effectively and planing (smoothing). Because periodontitis often causes damage to the bone, the bone supporting the teeth may be reshaped before the gum tissue sutured back in place. The procedure usually takes 1-3 hours is performed under local anesthesia.
2. Soft tissue grafts (Soft tissue grafts)
When the damaged gum tissue because of periodontal disease, gum line will fall so as to generate the teeth look longer. Therefore it is frequently done by taking a bit of tissue from the palate. This procedure can help reduce further gum recession, cover exposed tooth roots can allow the best appearance aesthetically.
3. Bone graft (bone grafting)
This procedure is performed when periodontitis has destroyed the bone surrounding the tooth root. That will be grafted bone can come from a tiny fragment of the patient's own bone or synthetic bone or bone from the donor. Bone grafts can help prevent tooth loss. It also can cause new bone growth naturally. A bone graft could be performed during tissue regeneration continues to be possible.
4. Tissue regeneration
This process allows the regrowth of bone that was destroyed by bacteria. In one approach, the dentist will place a special piece of biocompatible fabric between the bones and teeth. Such materials will prevent unwanted tissue entering the healing area, allowing bone growing back a replacement.
5. Enamel matrix derivative application
Other techniques may involve the application of a special gel towards the tooth root. The gel contains identical protein found in tooth enamel formation and stimulate bone growth and healthy tissue.
Sources: MayoClinic
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